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About-Face facts about MEDIA
Facts compiled by Marcella Raimondo, MPH

On this page you'll find:

  1. Media Effects on Young Women
  2. Sexism and Stereotypes of Women
  3. The Thin Ideal
  4. Weight Bias
  1. Media Effects on Young Women

    Girls are major consumers of media, and they receive and engage with these messages every day. The average child or teen watches 3 hours of television per day, and the numbers are higher for African-American and Latino youth. When various media (chat rooms, email, websites, music, etc.) are combined, children use media 6 hours and 32 minutes per day. [Nielsen Media Research, 1998]

    The proliferation of sexualized images of girls and young women in advertising, merchandising, and media is harming girls' self-image and healthy development. There are serious cognitive and emotional effects, as well as consequences for mental and physical health. [APA, 2007]

    1. The number of teen-focused magazines increased almost fourfold, from 5 in 1990 to 19 in 2000, and most teens regularly read magazines. [Mediamark Research, 2005]

    2. Body dissatisfaction is common for teenage girls and is associated with dieting and unhealthy weight-control behaviors. The idealization and pursuit of thinness are seen as the main drivers of body dissatisfaction, with the media primarily setting thin body ideals. [Hill, 2006]

    3. In a study of 112 female undergraduates, exposure to thin-ideal advertisements increased body dissatisfaction, negative mood, levels of depression, and lowered self-esteem. [Bessenoff, 2006]

    4. In a longitudinal study of adolescents, frequent reading of magazine articles about dieting and/or weight loss was associated with weight-control behaviors and other psychological outcomes 5 years later. [Van den Berg et al., 2007]

      1. For female adolescents, the frequency of healthy, unhealthy, and extreme weight-control behaviors increased with increasing magazine reading. [Van den Berg et al., 2007]

      2. The odds of engaging in unhealthy weight-control behaviors (such as fasting, skipping meals, and smoking cigarettes) were twice as high for the most frequent readers compared with those who did not read magazine articles about dieting and weight loss. [Van den Berg et al., 2007]

      3. The odds of using extreme weight-control behaviors (such as vomiting or using laxatives) were 3 times higher in the highest-frequency readers compared with those who did not read such magazines. [Van den Berg et al., 2007]


  2. Sexism and Stereotypes of Women

    Throughout United States culture, and particularly in mainstream media, women and girls are depicted in a sexualized manner. We are surrounded by these media images and messages. Media content responds to demand and is a reflection of culture, but it also contributes to it. [APA, 2007]

    1. Objectification of the female body teaches girls and women that they are valued primarily for their looks, reinforcing the need to pursue attractiveness. [Moradi et al., 2005]

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